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Writer's pictureTimothy P. Smith MS, RD, LDN

Blood Sugar Control & Depression: A Connection?

Depression is a prevalent mental disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Depression is a condition characterized by intense & persistent sadness, loss of interest in daily activities, and feelings of hopelessness. And while the exact etiology of depression is not fully understood, there is growing evidence to suggest that blood sugar control may play a critical role in the development and management of this condition.


In this article, we will examine the potential relationship between blood sugar control and depression, exploring the evidence supporting this link and discussing the potential implications for treatment.


The Link Between Blood Sugar Control and Depression


Blood sugar, or "glucose", is a critical source of energy for the body and brain. The body carefully regulates blood sugar levels to ensure that they remain within a narrow range, as too much or too little glucose can be harmful. However, when the body is unable to maintain stable blood sugar levels (characterized by "insulin resistance") this can have adverse effects on one's physical and mental health.


More specifically, studies have shown that individuals with less optimal blood sugar control are at an increased risk of developing depression. A 2001 study published in the Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications found that individuals with type 2 diabetes were more likely to experience depression than those without diabetes (Anderson et al., 2001). Another study published in the Journal of Psychiatric Research found that people with poor glucose control, even in the absence of diabetes, had higher rates of depression than those with stable blood sugar levels (Kan et al., 2013).



As expected, the precise mechanisms underlying the link between blood sugar control and depression are not fully understood, either. However, several theories have been proposed. One possibility is that fluctuations in blood sugar levels can lead to changes in brain chemistry, including alterations in the levels of neurotransmitters such as serotonin, which are known to play a role in mood regulation. Another possibility is that poor blood sugar control can lead to inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to depression and other mental health disorders (Rahimi-Ardabili et al., 2013).


Implications for Treatment


The link between blood sugar control and depression has important implications for the treatment of both conditions. For individuals with diabetes, achieving and maintaining stable blood sugar levels through medication, diet, and exercise may help to reduce the risk of depression. In addition, treating depression in individuals with diabetes may also improve blood sugar control (Lustman et al., 2000).


For individuals without diabetes, taking steps to maintain stable blood sugar levels may also be beneficial for preventing or managing depression. This includes adopting a healthy diet, engaging in regular exercise, and avoiding foods and drinks that can cause blood sugar spikes, such as sugary snacks and drinks. Working with a dietitian/licensed nutrition provider, such as Noble Nutrition in Davidson, NC, can also help to maintain the necessary consistency to see the results you're looking for.



In addition to nutrition & lifestyle changes, medication may also be used to help regulate blood sugar levels and improve depression symptoms. For example, some antidepressant medications have been shown to improve blood sugar control in people with diabetes (Lustman et al., 2000). Even further, medications such as metformin (commonly used to treat diabetes) may even have antidepressant effects, in addition to its blood glucose modulating effect (Nakamura et al., 2010).


All of this considered, there is growing evidence to suggest that blood sugar regulation plays a critical role in the development and management of depression. Individuals with poor blood sugar control, whether due to diabetes or other factors, may be at an increased risk of developing depression. Understanding the link between these two conditions may help to inform treatment strategies, including lifestyle changes and medication. By prioritizing blood sugar control, individuals may be able to reduce their risk of depression and improve their overall mental and physical health.


Until Next Time,


Tim Smith, MS, RD, LDN

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